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Tutorial del Internet de las Cosas y Bluetooth con el ESP32
Juan Antonio Villalpando
Volver al índice del tutorial
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130.- Wemos D1 R32 ESP32. Servidor web. Página web. SdCard. Memoria interna SPIFFS.
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6.- Servidor Web. Muestra una página web.
- Esto ya lo vimos en el tutorial 105, lo repito en esta página simplemente para compararlo con el uso de la memoria SdCard.
- Muestra una página web en un navegador.
- Los Botones no realizan ninguna función en este ejemplo.
pagina_web.ino |
// Juan A. Villalpando.
// KIO4.COM
// Saldrá una página web con cuatro botones.
// Los botones no hacen ejecutan nada.
#include <WiFi.h>
const char* ssid = "Nombre_de_tu_red_wifi";
const char* password = "La_clave_de_tu_red_wifi";
WiFiServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
// Conecta a la red wifi.
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Conectando con ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("Conectado con WiFi.");
// Inicio del Servidor web.
server.begin();
Serial.println("Servidor web iniciado.");
// Esta es la IP
Serial.print("Esta es la IP para conectar: ");
Serial.print("http://");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
void loop() {
// Consulta si se ha conectado algún cliente.
WiFiClient client = server.available();
if (!client) {
return;
}
Serial.println("Nuevo cliente.");
// Espera hasta que el cliente envíe datos.
while(!client.available()){ delay(1); }
// Página WEB. ///////////////////////////////
client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
client.println(""); // Comillas importantes.
client.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML>");
client.println("<html>");
client.println("<head><meta charset=utf-8></head>");
client.println("<body><font face='Arial'><center><h1>Servidor web con Wemos ESP32.</h1>");
client.println("<h2><font color='#009900'>KIO4.COM - Juan A. Villalpando</font></h2>");
client.println("<h3>Página web.</h3>");
client.println("<br><br>");
client.println("<img src='http://iesromerovargas.com/kio42.png'><br>");
client.println("<a href='a'><button>Juan Antonio </button></a>");
client.println("<a href='b'><button>KIO4.COM </button></a>");
client.println("<a href='c'><button>Buen tiempo. </button></a>");
client.println("<a href='d'><button>Puerto Real </button></a>");
client.println("</font></center></body></html>");
Serial.println("Cliente desconectado.");
}
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7.- Servidor Web. Las páginas web se encuentran en una SdCard.
- Tenemos un módulo lector de SdCard y en él insertada una tarjeta SdCard con el siguiente contenido:
- Copia el contenido de SdRoot en una SdCard, ahí está la web de ejemplo.
https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/tree/master/libraries/WebServer/examples/SDWebServer
- Conecta el lector de SdCard a los terminales IO5, IO18, IO19 y IO23. Además de a la alimentación.
https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/tree/master/libraries/WebServer/examples/SDWebServer
- Cuando pongas en un navegador web tu IP saldrá una página con fondo negro y con una imagen del patillaje de una tarjeta.
_________________________________
- Código.
servidor_web_pagina_SdCard.ino |
/*
SDWebServer - Example WebServer with SD Card backend for esp8266
Copyright (c) 2015 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
This file is part of the WebServer library for Arduino environment.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Have a FAT Formatted SD Card connected to the SPI port of the ESP8266
The web root is the SD Card root folder
File extensions with more than 3 charecters are not supported by the SD Library
File Names longer than 8 charecters will be truncated by the SD library, so keep filenames shorter
index.htm is the default index (works on subfolders as well)
upload the contents of SdRoot to the root of the SDcard and access the editor by going to http://esp8266sd.local/edit
*/
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WebServer.h>
#include <ESPmDNS.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <SD.h>
#define DBG_OUTPUT_PORT Serial
const char* ssid = "Nombre_de_tu_red_wifi";
const char* password = "La_clave_de_tu_red_wifi";
const char* host = "esp32sd";
WebServer server(80);
static bool hasSD = false;
File uploadFile;
void returnOK() {
server.send(200, "text/plain", "");
}
void returnFail(String msg) {
server.send(500, "text/plain", msg + "\r\n");
}
bool loadFromSdCard(String path) {
String dataType = "text/plain";
if (path.endsWith("/")) {
path += "index.htm";
}
if (path.endsWith(".src")) {
path = path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf("."));
} else if (path.endsWith(".htm")) {
dataType = "text/html";
} else if (path.endsWith(".css")) {
dataType = "text/css";
} else if (path.endsWith(".js")) {
dataType = "application/javascript";
} else if (path.endsWith(".png")) {
dataType = "image/png";
} else if (path.endsWith(".gif")) {
dataType = "image/gif";
} else if (path.endsWith(".jpg")) {
dataType = "image/jpeg";
} else if (path.endsWith(".ico")) {
dataType = "image/x-icon";
} else if (path.endsWith(".xml")) {
dataType = "text/xml";
} else if (path.endsWith(".pdf")) {
dataType = "application/pdf";
} else if (path.endsWith(".zip")) {
dataType = "application/zip";
}
File dataFile = SD.open(path.c_str());
if (dataFile.isDirectory()) {
path += "/index.htm";
dataType = "text/html";
dataFile = SD.open(path.c_str());
}
if (!dataFile) {
return false;
}
if (server.hasArg("download")) {
dataType = "application/octet-stream";
}
if (server.streamFile(dataFile, dataType) != dataFile.size()) {
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println("Sent less data than expected!");
}
dataFile.close();
return true;
}
void handleFileUpload() {
if (server.uri() != "/edit") {
return;
}
HTTPUpload& upload = server.upload();
if (upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_START) {
if (SD.exists((char *)upload.filename.c_str())) {
SD.remove((char *)upload.filename.c_str());
}
uploadFile = SD.open(upload.filename.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("Upload: START, filename: "); DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(upload.filename);
} else if (upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_WRITE) {
if (uploadFile) {
uploadFile.write(upload.buf, upload.currentSize);
}
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("Upload: WRITE, Bytes: "); DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(upload.currentSize);
} else if (upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_END) {
if (uploadFile) {
uploadFile.close();
}
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("Upload: END, Size: "); DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(upload.totalSize);
}
}
void deleteRecursive(String path) {
File file = SD.open((char *)path.c_str());
if (!file.isDirectory()) {
file.close();
SD.remove((char *)path.c_str());
return;
}
file.rewindDirectory();
while (true) {
File entry = file.openNextFile();
if (!entry) {
break;
}
String entryPath = path + "/" + entry.name();
if (entry.isDirectory()) {
entry.close();
deleteRecursive(entryPath);
} else {
entry.close();
SD.remove((char *)entryPath.c_str());
}
yield();
}
SD.rmdir((char *)path.c_str());
file.close();
}
void handleDelete() {
if (server.args() == 0) {
return returnFail("BAD ARGS");
}
String path = server.arg(0);
if (path == "/" || !SD.exists((char *)path.c_str())) {
returnFail("BAD PATH");
return;
}
deleteRecursive(path);
returnOK();
}
void handleCreate() {
if (server.args() == 0) {
return returnFail("BAD ARGS");
}
String path = server.arg(0);
if (path == "/" || SD.exists((char *)path.c_str())) {
returnFail("BAD PATH");
return;
}
if (path.indexOf('.') > 0) {
File file = SD.open((char *)path.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
if (file) {
file.write(0);
file.close();
}
} else {
SD.mkdir((char *)path.c_str());
}
returnOK();
}
void printDirectory() {
if (!server.hasArg("dir")) {
return returnFail("BAD ARGS");
}
String path = server.arg("dir");
if (path != "/" && !SD.exists((char *)path.c_str())) {
return returnFail("BAD PATH");
}
File dir = SD.open((char *)path.c_str());
path = String();
if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
dir.close();
return returnFail("NOT DIR");
}
dir.rewindDirectory();
server.setContentLength(CONTENT_LENGTH_UNKNOWN);
server.send(200, "text/json", "");
WiFiClient client = server.client();
server.sendContent("[");
for (int cnt = 0; true; ++cnt) {
File entry = dir.openNextFile();
if (!entry) {
break;
}
String output;
if (cnt > 0) {
output = ',';
}
output += "{\"type\":\"";
output += (entry.isDirectory()) ? "dir" : "file";
output += "\",\"name\":\"";
output += entry.name();
output += "\"";
output += "}";
server.sendContent(output);
entry.close();
}
server.sendContent("]");
dir.close();
}
void handleNotFound() {
if (hasSD && loadFromSdCard(server.uri())) {
return;
}
String message = "SDCARD Not Detected\n\n";
message += "URI: ";
message += server.uri();
message += "\nMethod: ";
message += (server.method() == HTTP_GET) ? "GET" : "POST";
message += "\nArguments: ";
message += server.args();
message += "\n";
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < server.args(); i++) {
message += " NAME:" + server.argName(i) + "\n VALUE:" + server.arg(i) + "\n";
}
server.send(404, "text/plain", message);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print(message);
}
void setup(void) {
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.begin(115200);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.setDebugOutput(true);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("\n");
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("Connecting to ");
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(ssid);
// Wait for connection
uint8_t i = 0;
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && i++ < 20) {//wait 10 seconds
delay(500);
}
if (i == 21) {
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("Could not connect to");
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(ssid);
while (1) {
delay(500);
}
}
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("Connected! IP address: ");
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(WiFi.localIP());
if (MDNS.begin(host)) {
MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println("MDNS responder started");
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print("You can now connect to http://");
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.print(host);
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println(".local");
}
server.on("/list", HTTP_GET, printDirectory);
server.on("/edit", HTTP_DELETE, handleDelete);
server.on("/edit", HTTP_PUT, handleCreate);
server.on("/edit", HTTP_POST, []() {
returnOK();
}, handleFileUpload);
server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);
server.begin();
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println("HTTP server started");
if (SD.begin(SS)) {
DBG_OUTPUT_PORT.println("SD Card initialized.");
hasSD = true;
}
}
void loop(void) {
server.handleClient();
}
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_________________________________
8.- Ver listado, crear archivo, directorio, borrarlo,... en la SdCard.
https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/libraries/SD/examples/SD_Test/SD_Test.ino
- Tenemos un lector de SdCard, le insertamos una tarjeta SdCard.
- Conectamos al lector de SdCard como hemos visto en el apartado anterior.
- Cargamos este programa. Abrimos el Monitor Serie.
- Observamos las operaciones realizadas. Consultamos nuestra SdCard y observamos que ha agregado los archivos text.txt y foo.txt
- Además da información sobre la tarjeta, memoria, archivos,.... Crea el archivo mydir, y luego lo borra.
_________________________________
- Código.
servidor_web_pagina_SdCard.ino |
/*
* Connect the SD card to the following pins:
*
* SD Card | ESP32
* D2 -
* D3 SS
* CMD MOSI
* VSS GND
* VDD 3.3V
* CLK SCK
* VSS GND
* D0 MISO
* D1 -
*/
#include "FS.h"
#include "SD.h"
#include "SPI.h"
void listDir(fs::FS &fs, const char * dirname, uint8_t levels){
Serial.printf("Listing directory: %s\n", dirname);
File root = fs.open(dirname);
if(!root){
Serial.println("Failed to open directory");
return;
}
if(!root.isDirectory()){
Serial.println("Not a directory");
return;
}
File file = root.openNextFile();
while(file){
if(file.isDirectory()){
Serial.print(" DIR : ");
Serial.println(file.name());
if(levels){
listDir(fs, file.name(), levels -1);
}
} else {
Serial.print(" FILE: ");
Serial.print(file.name());
Serial.print(" SIZE: ");
Serial.println(file.size());
}
file = root.openNextFile();
}
}
void createDir(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Creating Dir: %s\n", path);
if(fs.mkdir(path)){
Serial.println("Dir created");
} else {
Serial.println("mkdir failed");
}
}
void removeDir(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Removing Dir: %s\n", path);
if(fs.rmdir(path)){
Serial.println("Dir removed");
} else {
Serial.println("rmdir failed");
}
}
void readFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Reading file: %s\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path);
if(!file){
Serial.println("Failed to open file for reading");
return;
}
Serial.print("Read from file: ");
while(file.available()){
Serial.write(file.read());
}
file.close();
}
void writeFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path, const char * message){
Serial.printf("Writing file: %s\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if(!file){
Serial.println("Failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
if(file.print(message)){
Serial.println("File written");
} else {
Serial.println("Write failed");
}
file.close();
}
void appendFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path, const char * message){
Serial.printf("Appending to file: %s\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_APPEND);
if(!file){
Serial.println("Failed to open file for appending");
return;
}
if(file.print(message)){
Serial.println("Message appended");
} else {
Serial.println("Append failed");
}
file.close();
}
void renameFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path1, const char * path2){
Serial.printf("Renaming file %s to %s\n", path1, path2);
if (fs.rename(path1, path2)) {
Serial.println("File renamed");
} else {
Serial.println("Rename failed");
}
}
void deleteFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Deleting file: %s\n", path);
if(fs.remove(path)){
Serial.println("File deleted");
} else {
Serial.println("Delete failed");
}
}
void testFileIO(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
File file = fs.open(path);
static uint8_t buf[512];
size_t len = 0;
uint32_t start = millis();
uint32_t end = start;
if(file){
len = file.size();
size_t flen = len;
start = millis();
while(len){
size_t toRead = len;
if(toRead > 512){
toRead = 512;
}
file.read(buf, toRead);
len -= toRead;
}
end = millis() - start;
Serial.printf("%u bytes read for %u ms\n", flen, end);
file.close();
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to open file for reading");
}
file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if(!file){
Serial.println("Failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
size_t i;
start = millis();
for(i=0; i<2048; i++){
file.write(buf, 512);
}
end = millis() - start;
Serial.printf("%u bytes written for %u ms\n", 2048 * 512, end);
file.close();
}
void setup(){
Serial.begin(115200);
if(!SD.begin()){
Serial.println("Card Mount Failed");
return;
}
uint8_t cardType = SD.cardType();
if(cardType == CARD_NONE){
Serial.println("No SD card attached");
return;
}
Serial.print("SD Card Type: ");
if(cardType == CARD_MMC){
Serial.println("MMC");
} else if(cardType == CARD_SD){
Serial.println("SDSC");
} else if(cardType == CARD_SDHC){
Serial.println("SDHC");
} else {
Serial.println("UNKNOWN");
}
uint64_t cardSize = SD.cardSize() / (1024 * 1024);
Serial.printf("SD Card Size: %lluMB\n", cardSize);
listDir(SD, "/", 0);
createDir(SD, "/mydir");
listDir(SD, "/", 0);
removeDir(SD, "/mydir");
listDir(SD, "/", 2);
writeFile(SD, "/hello.txt", "Hello ");
appendFile(SD, "/hello.txt", "World!\n");
readFile(SD, "/hello.txt");
deleteFile(SD, "/foo.txt");
renameFile(SD, "/hello.txt", "/foo.txt");
readFile(SD, "/foo.txt");
testFileIO(SD, "/test.txt");
Serial.printf("Total space: %lluMB\n", SD.totalBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
Serial.printf("Used space: %lluMB\n", SD.usedBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
}
void loop(){
}
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_________________________________
9.- Memoria interna del ESP32. SPIFFS.
- En el apartado anterior hemos visto que podemos trabajar con archivos con una SdCard externa.
- El ESP32 tiene 4 MB de memoria, 1 MB lo utiliza para contener el código, pero disponemos de 3 MB para guardar archivos.
- Cuando veas SPIFFS, se está refiriendo a esa memoria para guardar archivos.
- Aquí tenemos un código que crea archivos en la SPIFFS.
https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/libraries/SPIFFS/examples/SPIFFS_Test/SPIFFS_Test.ino
- En este archivo hay un trozo de código para formatear la tarjeta. Anúlalo mediante líneas comentadas //.
_________________________________
- Código.
SPIFFS_archivos_memoria_interna.ino |
#include "FS.h"
#include "SPIFFS.h"
/* You only need to format SPIFFS the first time you run a
test or else use the SPIFFS plugin to create a partition
https://github.com/me-no-dev/arduino-esp32fs-plugin */
#define FORMAT_SPIFFS_IF_FAILED true
void listDir(fs::FS &fs, const char * dirname, uint8_t levels){
Serial.printf("Listing directory: %s\r\n", dirname);
File root = fs.open(dirname);
if(!root){
Serial.println("- failed to open directory");
return;
}
if(!root.isDirectory()){
Serial.println(" - not a directory");
return;
}
File file = root.openNextFile();
while(file){
if(file.isDirectory()){
Serial.print(" DIR : ");
Serial.println(file.name());
if(levels){
listDir(fs, file.name(), levels -1);
}
} else {
Serial.print(" FILE: ");
Serial.print(file.name());
Serial.print("\tSIZE: ");
Serial.println(file.size());
}
file = root.openNextFile();
}
}
void readFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Reading file: %s\r\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path);
if(!file || file.isDirectory()){
Serial.println("- failed to open file for reading");
return;
}
Serial.println("- read from file:");
while(file.available()){
Serial.write(file.read());
}
}
void writeFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path, const char * message){
Serial.printf("Writing file: %s\r\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if(!file){
Serial.println("- failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
if(file.print(message)){
Serial.println("- file written");
} else {
Serial.println("- frite failed");
}
}
void appendFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path, const char * message){
Serial.printf("Appending to file: %s\r\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_APPEND);
if(!file){
Serial.println("- failed to open file for appending");
return;
}
if(file.print(message)){
Serial.println("- message appended");
} else {
Serial.println("- append failed");
}
}
void renameFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path1, const char * path2){
Serial.printf("Renaming file %s to %s\r\n", path1, path2);
if (fs.rename(path1, path2)) {
Serial.println("- file renamed");
} else {
Serial.println("- rename failed");
}
}
void deleteFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Deleting file: %s\r\n", path);
if(fs.remove(path)){
Serial.println("- file deleted");
} else {
Serial.println("- delete failed");
}
}
void testFileIO(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){
Serial.printf("Testing file I/O with %s\r\n", path);
static uint8_t buf[512];
size_t len = 0;
File file = fs.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
if(!file){
Serial.println("- failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
size_t i;
Serial.print("- writing" );
uint32_t start = millis();
for(i=0; i<2048; i++){
if ((i & 0x001F) == 0x001F){
Serial.print(".");
}
file.write(buf, 512);
}
Serial.println("");
uint32_t end = millis() - start;
Serial.printf(" - %u bytes written in %u ms\r\n", 2048 * 512, end);
file.close();
file = fs.open(path);
start = millis();
end = start;
i = 0;
if(file && !file.isDirectory()){
len = file.size();
size_t flen = len;
start = millis();
Serial.print("- reading" );
while(len){
size_t toRead = len;
if(toRead > 512){
toRead = 512;
}
file.read(buf, toRead);
if ((i++ & 0x001F) == 0x001F){
Serial.print(".");
}
len -= toRead;
}
Serial.println("");
end = millis() - start;
Serial.printf("- %u bytes read in %u ms\r\n", flen, end);
file.close();
} else {
Serial.println("- failed to open file for reading");
}
}
void setup(){
Serial.begin(115200);
if(!SPIFFS.begin(FORMAT_SPIFFS_IF_FAILED)){
Serial.println("SPIFFS Mount Failed");
return;
}
listDir(SPIFFS, "/", 0);
writeFile(SPIFFS, "/hello.txt", "Hello ");
appendFile(SPIFFS, "/hello.txt", "World!\r\n");
readFile(SPIFFS, "/hello.txt");
renameFile(SPIFFS, "/hello.txt", "/foo.txt");
readFile(SPIFFS, "/foo.txt");
deleteFile(SPIFFS, "/foo.txt");
testFileIO(SPIFFS, "/test.txt");
deleteFile(SPIFFS, "/test.txt");
Serial.println( "Test complete" );
}
void loop(){
}
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